In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Background and Aim: One of the important factors in health maintenance and promotion is correct garbage disposal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adolescents' participation on the sanitary collection and disposal of garbage.Material and Method: In his quasi-experimental, before-after study, the research population consisted of all adolescents of 102 families living in Rostam-Abad village, located in Buein- Zahra region. At first, training sessions based on the research objectives were established for the adolescents and then, each of them took charge of a few families for education and follow up. Results: Findings indicated that the mean of sanitary status of garbage bin and sanitary disposal, before intervention was 3.2±0.88, whereas, immediately after intervention, it was increased to 4.3±1.6. Paired T-Test showed a statistically significant difference between before/ after intervention (P<0.0001).Two months after the intervention, the mean was 4.29±1.6. Repeated measurement type of ANOVA with Wilks test also indicated a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Based on these findings, the rural adolescents' participation can develop the sanitary collection and disposal of garbage.

Producing various types of waste and related environmental problems, has faced urban management with many problems in the areas like: collection, transportation and waste disposal. Applying a good way to reduce the costs of collecting waste seems necessary, because collection and transportation of the waste needs allocation of a significant part of garbage management budget. In the present study, a mathematical model is presented for waste collection by which we can reduce the costs of collecting the waste by minimizing the distance for the trucks. The model is flexible enough to manage collecting the waste of a node in different separate times. Then, some small-scale issues were solved using CPLEX software and meta-heuristic algorithm and the results were compared. The data for the case study were collected and the meta-heuristic algorithm was used to determine the vehicle schedule. Finally, a mathematical model was used to decide about the number of vehicles required.

Garbage generated in cities is one of the most important challenges in urban planning and in achieving a healthy city and consequently the clean city. Since the formation, garbage is involved with important issues such as collection, recycling, disposing style and location of disposing. The issue of garbage collection from the cities Surface can be studied in relation to urban cleanliness because they are directly affected in the face of the city and negligence in this area creates many problems in cities. In addition to Technical issues, it is involved with social, economic, cultural, and management problems and their identification and rank them can be useful. This paper aims to study the bottlenecks in garbage collection in the Rasht city via qualitative methods using Grounded Theory. Based on purposeful and theoretical sampling, 48 Citizens were selected. Techniques used for data collection and data, focused on semi-structured interviews and field observations. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation stage. Based on the Grounded Theory, data coding was done in three stages and as a result, five nuclear issue are extracted, including factors related to the social and cultural, economic, Infrastructure, management and rules.

In this article, the authors explain their experience in designing and building a heat capacitor wall by making use of indissoluble and permanent garbage, e.g. plastic bottles. The result is a more-or-Iess light weight wall made of bottles filled with water. The bottles are sandwiched between two layers of translucent polycarbonate sheets as the external surface, and an opaque fireproof layer? s the internal one. A thick cotton screen with a reflective face is used to prevent heat loss during cold and heat gain during warm seasons. The wall is structurally self-supporting and is very effective as heat and sound isolator.

In recent years, the number of child labor has increased in Ahvaz, and among these children, the activity of garbage children has grown significantly. Garbage pickers at different hours of the day and night, holding a sack, wheelbarrow, or using three-wheel motors and other similar devices, search in trash cans or garbage bags and packages at the door of houses. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the lived experience of these waste pickers and provide a more accurate understanding of their situation in Ahvaz city. In the current research, according to the topic and nature of the research, the qualitative method and the interpretive phenomenological approach have been used. Various strategies such as long participation in the platform, rich description, confirmation of participants, peer review, etc. were used to validate the data. The main categories extracted include social gradients, economic failure of culture, poor health of working children, weak support from guardian institutions, hope for change and the possibility of horizontal social mobility, considering garbage collection as an honorable job and a sense of pride, being exposed to risky behaviors. Children were working. The main result of the research is based on the fact that littering is affected by different issues and should not be understood only economically. In addition, a significant part of the street working children live in the suburbs and many of them have a family member or relative.